This is a part of the winter semester course 2022/23 at the Weissensee Art Academy Berlin. The workshop takes place on the October 24/26 at the eLab, KHB Berlin.

ARDUINO 101

“Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and digital world.” (wikipedia>>)

Arduino website >> https://www.arduino.cc/

you can download the Arduino IDE from here >> https://www.arduino.cc/en/software (Scroll down and please download Arduino IDE 1.8.19)

microcontroller vs computer

>> https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-microcontroller-and-a-computer?

blink LED exercise >> Arduino IDE File/Examples/0.1Basic/Blink

more in detail>> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=8852

TONE: how do you make sound?

SOUND

In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. In human physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.[1] Only acoustic waves that have frequencies lying between about 20 Hz and 20 kHz, the audio frequency range, elicit an auditory percept in humans. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound#Waves)

diagram of a speaker

ELECTROMAGNET

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consist of a large number of closely spaced turns of wire that create the magnetic field. The wire turns are often wound around a magnetic core made from a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron; the magnetic core concentrates the magnetic flux and makes a more powerful magnet.
(from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet)

>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bht9AJ1eNYc

min 19:40: Left Hand Rule for Coils

Experiment1: let’s make a small coil and see if it becomes magnetic

What happens when a magnet is near by?

more on electromagnetism here >> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=8097

Driving from Arduino >> delay(10) to delay(1)

tone() function >> https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/language/functions/advanced-io/tone/

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Inspirations/ Reference projects:

CHIJIKINKUTSU
Nelo Akamatsu
>> http://www.neloakamatsu.jp/chijikinkutsu-eng.html

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Phase In, Phase Out
EJTech
>> https://ejtech.studio/Phase-In-Phase-Out

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Chants Magnétiques
Claire Williams
>> http://www.xxx-clairewilliams-xxx.com/projets/chants-magnetiques/

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Fabric Speaker
https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=5935

SOLENOID

In engineering, a solenoid is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, using an electromagnet formed from a coil of wire. The device creates a magnetic field from electric current, and uses the magnetic field to create linear motion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(engineering))

You can also make your own solenoid with coil and nail like this one.

watch a movie here >> Suicidal Teapot

Transistor Switch

INPUT: how does Arduino know about the world

push button

You can use digitalRead() to read push button status and further control Solenoid or Speaker

potentiometer

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider.[1] If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer)

Connect the potentiometer’s outer left leg to 5V, middle leg to A0 (or any Analog Input pins) and outer Right leg to GND. This makes voltage divider cirucit. You will see the range of 0-1023 reading on Analog Input pin when you use AnalogRead().

Piezo element/ contact microphone

The principle of operation of a piezoelectric sensor is that a physical dimension, transformed into a force, acts on two opposing faces of the sensing element. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity#Sensors)

how to use Piezo sonsor details >> https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/piezo-vibration-sensor-hookup-guide

DIY sensor

(pressure sensor/ felt squeeze/ stretch)
Paper Pressure Sensor >> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=8936
Fabric Pressure Sensor >> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=20
Felt squeeze sensor >> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=7795
Felted PomPom>> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=2395
circular knit stretch sensor>> https://www.kobakant.at/DIY/?p=2108

voltage divider circuit with textile sensors

int sensorValue;
int delaySpeed;

void setup() {
  // solenoid is connected to 12, set it as output pin
  pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
  // serial communication
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  // read the sensor connected to A2
  sensorValue = analogRead(A2);

  // print the sensorValue to serial plotter/ monitor
  Serial.print(0); // draw line at 0 to set min point for the plotter
  Serial.print(" "); // space as separator for the plotter lines
  Serial.print(1023); // draw line at 1023 to set max point for the plotter
  Serial.print(" "); // space as separator for the plotter lines
  Serial.println(sensorValue);

  // scale the sensorValue to the amount of delay time.
  // the more squeeze, the sensorValue goes high, and the delay time gets smaller
  delaySpeed = map(sensorValue,200, 800, 500, 50 );

  // constrain the scaled value within the scale (100 - 2000) you aim  
  delaySpeed = constrain(delaySpeed, 50, 500);


    // control the solenoid
    digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
    delay(50); // the solenoid is on for 50ms
    digitalWrite(12, LOW);
    delay(delaySpeed); // the solenoid is off for the time controlled by the sensor
 
}